 |
|
| |
|
|
| |
Nearly 20% of Americans suffers from allergies
|
 |
Uncover your allergy triggers
Allergies are an abnormal response of the immune system
where the body's defenses react to a usually harmless
substance in the environment, such as pollen, animal dander,
or food. Almost anything can trigger an allergic reaction,
which can range from mild and annoying to sudden and life-threatening.
Here are 10 of the most common triggers. |
|
|
|
A magnified view of sunflower pollen
|
 |
Pollen
Exposure to pollen from trees, grasses, and weeds can
trigger hay fever or seasonal allergies. Symptoms include
sneezing, runny nose, nasal congestion, and itchy, watery
eyes. Treatments include over-the-counter products, prescription
drugs, and allergy shots. Prevent symptoms by staying
indoors on windy days when pollen counts are high, closing
windows, and running the air conditioning. |
|
|
|
Keep pets off furniture and wash pets weekly to ease
your allergy symptoms
|
 |
Animal Dander
Proteins secreted by oil glands in an animal's skin and
present in their saliva can cause allergic reactions for
some. The allergy can take two or more years to develop
and symptoms may not subside until months after ending
contact with the animal. If your pet is causing allergies,
make your bedroom a pet-free zone, avoid carpets, and
wash the animal regularly. A HEPA filter and frequent
vacuuming may also help. Allergy shots may be beneficial.
|
|
|
|
A dust mite in a dust ball with various hairs, plant
parts, and debris
|
 |
Dust Mites
Dust mites are microscopic organisms that live in house
dust. They thrive in areas of high humidity and feed on
the dead skin cells of humans and their pets, as well
as on pollen, bacteria, and fungi. Help prevent dust mite
allergies by covering mattresses, pillows, and box springs,
using hypoallergenic pillows, washing sheets weekly in
hot water, and keeping the house free of dust collecting-items
such as stuffed animals, curtains, and carpet.
|
|
|
|
Insect stings inject venom that can trigger an allergic
reaction
|
 |
Insect Stings
People who are allergic to stings can have a severe or
even life-threatening reaction. Symptoms include extensive
swelling and redness from the sting or bite that may last
a week or more, nausea, fatigue, and low-grade fever.
Rarely, insect stings may cause anaphylaxis, with symptoms
including difficulty breathing, hives, swelling of the
face, throat, or mouth, rapid pulse, dizziness, or a sharp
drop in blood pressure. For those severely allergic, epinephrine
should be administered immediately after a sting; allergy
shots are recommended to prevent anaphylaxis with future
stings. |
|
|
|
Mold, magnified here, plays a role in decomposition of
organic material
|
 |
Molds
Molds produce allergens, irritants, and in some cases,
potentially toxic substances. Inhaling or touching mold
or mold spores may cause allergic reactions in sensitive
individuals. There are many types of mold; all need moisture
to grow. They can be found in damp areas such as basements
or bathrooms, as well as in grass or mulch. Avoid activities
that trigger symptoms, such as raking leaves. Ventilate
moist areas in the home.
|
|
|
|
Food allergies are on the rise in the U.S.; peanuts are
a common allergen
|
 |
Food
Milk, shellfish, nuts and wheat are among the most common
foods that cause allergies. An allergic reaction usually
occurs within minutes of eating the offending food. Symptoms,
which can include asthma, hives, vomiting, diarrhea, and
swelling around the mouth, can be severe. Avoid offending
foods altogether; but if exposed, treatment with antihistamines
or steroids is recommended. In life-threatening situations,
an epinephrine injection is needed.
|
|
|
|
Latex gloves are the most common offending product for
latex allergies
|
 |
Latex
Latex in gloves, condoms, and certain medical devices
can trigger latex allergy. Symptoms include skin rash,
eye irritation, runny nose, sneezing, wheezing, and itching
of the skin or nose. Allergic reactions can range from
skin redness and itching to anaphylaxis, a serious reaction
which can cause difficulty breathing, hives, and sudden
gastrointestinal problems. Those allergic should wear
a MedicAlert bracelet and carry an epinephrine kit.
|
|
|
|
Some people develop sensitivity to salicylates, a major
ingredient in aspirin
|
 |
Medication
Symptoms of allergies to medications, such as penicillin
or aspirin, can range from mild to life-threatening and
can include hives, itchy eyes, congestion, and swelling
in the mouth and throat. It's best to avoid the drug altogether;
however, if exposed, treatment with antihistamines or
steroids is recommended. For coughing and lung congestion,
bronchodilators may be prescribed. For severe symptoms,
epinephrine may be needed.
|
|
|
|
What smells divine to one person can be problematic for
another
|
 |
Fragrance
Fragrances found in products including perfumes, scented
candles, laundry detergent, and cosmetics can have mild
to severe health consequences. For most people, symptoms
abate once the scent is out of range. For some, repeated
exposures cause an increase in symptoms that occur more
often and last longer. There's some debate as to whether
fragrance reactions are a true allergy or simply a response
to an irritant.
|
|
|
|
Dead roaches and their feces often cause allergies, not
the bugs themselves.
|
 |
Cockroaches
Ick! Not only are cockroaches creepy, but a protein in
their droppings can be a troublesome allergen. It can
be difficult to eradicate cockroaches from your home,
especially in a warm climate, or if you live in an apartment
building where bugs can pass back and forth to a neighboring
unit. Treat for roaches by using pesticides, keeping a
clean kitchen, and repairing cracks and holes in floors,
walls, and windows to prevent their entry into the home.
|
|
|
|
| |
Allergies Medications
Definition of Allergies: An allergy is an exaggerated immune
response or reaction to substances that are generally not harmful.
Drugs associated with Allergies
The following drugs and medications are in some way related
to, or used in the treatment of Allergies. This service should
be used as a supplement to, and NOT a substitute for, the
expertise, skill, knowledge and judgment of healthcare practitioners.
|
| |
Generic Name: diphenhydramine (DYE fen HYE dra meen)
Brand Names: Aler-Tab, Allergy, Allermax, Altaryl, Benadryl
Allergy, Benadryl DF, Benadryl Dye Free Allergy, Benadryl Ultratab,
Children's Allergy, Diphen Cough, Diphenhist, Dytuss, PediaCare
Children's Allergy, Q-Dryl, Q-Dryl A/F, Siladryl, Siladryl Allergy,
Silphen Cough, Simply Sleep, Sleep-ettes, Sleep-ettes D, Sominex
Maximum Strength Caplet, Theraflu Thin Strips Multi Symptom,
Triaminic Thin Strips Cough & Runny Nose, Unisom Sleepgels
Maximum Strength, Valu-Dryl |
| |
Allergy Formula Liquid
|
| Class Name: antihistamine (Oral route, Parenteral route, Rectal
route)
|
| |
| Uses For This Medicine |
| Antihistamines are used to relieve or prevent the symptoms
of hay fever and other types of allergy. They work by preventing
the effects of a substance called histamine, which is produced
by the body. Histamine can cause itching, sneezing, runny nose,
and watery eyes. Also, in some persons histamine can close up
the bronchial tubes (air passages of the lungs) and make breathing
difficult.
Some of the antihistamines are also used to prevent motion
sickness, nausea, vomiting, and dizziness. In patients with
Parkinson's disease, diphenhydramine may be used to decrease
stiffness and tremors. Also, the syrup form of diphenhydramine
is used to relieve the cough due to colds or hay fever. In
addition, since antihistamines may cause drowsiness as a side
effect, some of them may be used to help people go to sleep.
Hydroxyzine is used in the treatment of nervous and emotional
conditions to help control anxiety. It can also be used to
help control anxiety and produce sleep before surgery.
Some antihistamines are used in the treatment of chronic
urticaria, which is a persistent hive-like rash.
Antihistamines may also be used for other conditions as determined
by your doctor.
Some antihistamine preparations are available only with your
doctor's prescription. Others are available without a prescription.
However, your doctor may have special instructions on the
proper dose of the medicine for your medical condition.
Do not give any over-the-counter (OTC) cough and cold medicine
to a baby or child under 4 years of age. Using these medicines
in very young children might cause serious or possibly life-threatening
side effects .
Once a medicine has been approved for marketing for a certain
use, experience may show that it is also useful for other
medical problems. Although these uses are not included in
product labeling, some antihistamines are used in certain
patients with the following medical conditions:
Appetite stimulant in children and adults (cyprohepatadine)
Asthma together with asthma medicines before and during exposure
to substances that cause reactions, to prevent or reduce bronchospasm
(wheezing or difficulty in breathing) (cetirizine and loratadine)
Vascular headache treatment (cyprohepatadine)
|
| |
Importance of Diet
Make certain your health care professional knows if you are
on a low-sodium, low-sugar, or any other special diet. Most
medicines contain more than their active ingredient, and many
liquid medicines contain alcohol.
Before Using This Medicine
Allergies
Tell your doctor if you have ever had any unusual or allergic
reaction to medicines in this group or any other medicines.
Also tell your health care professional if you have any other
types of allergies, such as to foods dyes, preservatives,
or animals. For non-prescription products, read the label
or package ingredients carefully.
Pediatric
Serious side effects, such as convulsions (seizures), are
more likely to occur in younger patients and would be of greater
risk to infants than to older children or adults. In general,
children are more sensitive to the effects of antihistamines.
Also, nightmares or unusual excitement, nervousness, restlessness,
or irritability may be more likely to occur in children.
Do not give any over-the-counter (OTC) cough and cold medicine
to a baby or child under 4 years of age. Using these medicines
in very young children might cause serious or possibly life-threatening
side effects .
Geriatric
Elderly patients are usually more sensitive to the effects
of antihistamines. Confusion; difficult or painful urination;
dizziness; drowsiness; feeling faint; or dryness of mouth,
nose, or throat may be more likely to occur in elderly patients.
Also, nightmares or unusual excitement, nervousness, restlessness,
or irritability may be more likely to occur in elderly patients.
Pregnancy
Hydroxyzine is not recommended for use in the first months
of pregnancy since it has been shown to cause birth defects
in animal studies when given in doses many times higher than
the usual human dose. Be sure you have discussed this with
your doctor.
Desloratadine and fexofenadine have not been studied in pregnant
women. However, studies in animals have shown that these medicines
cause birth defects or other problems when given in doses
higher than the usual human dose. Before taking this medicine,
make sure your doctor knows if you are pregnant or if you
may become pregnant.
Azatadine, brompheniramine, cetirizine, chlorpheniramine,
clemastine, cyproheptadine, dexchlorpheniramine, dimenhydrinate,
diphenhydramine, doxylamine, and loratadine have not been
studied in pregnant women. However, these medicines have not
been shown to cause birth defects or other problems in animal
studies.
Breast Feeding
Small amounts of antihistamines pass into the breast milk.
Use is not recommended since babies are more susceptible to
the side effects of antihistamines, such as unusual excitement
or irritability. Also, since these medicines tend to decrease
the secretions of the body, it is possible that the flow of
breast milk may be reduced in some patients. It is not known
yet whether cetirizine, desloratadine, or loratadine cause
these same side effects.
Interactions with Medicines
Using medicines in this class with any of the following medicines
is not recommended. Your doctor may decide not to treat you
with a medication in this class or change some of the other
medicines you take.
Acecainide
Ajmaline
Amiodarone
Amisulpride
Amitriptyline
Amoxapine
Amprenavir
Aprepitant
Aprindine
Arsenic Trioxide
Astemizole
Azimilide
Bepridil
Bretylium
Brofaromine
Chloroquine
Cisapride
Clarithromycin
Clorgyline
Darunavir
Delavirdine
Desipramine
Dibenzepin
Disopyramide
Dofetilide
Doxepin
Dronedarone
Efavirenz
Enflurane
Erythromycin
Flecainide
Fluconazole
Fluoxetine
Fluvoxamine
Fosaprepitant
Foscarnet
Furazolidone
Gemifloxacin
Grepafloxacin
Haloperidol
Halothane
Hydroquinidine
Ibutilide
Imipramine
Indinavir
Iproniazid
Isocarboxazid
Isoflurane
Itraconazole
Ketoconazole
Lazabemide
Levomethadyl
Lidoflazine
Linezolid
Lopinavir
Lorcainide
Mefloquine
Mesoridazine
Mibefradil
Moclobemide
Nefazodone
Nelfinavir
Nialamide
Nortriptyline
Octreotide
Pargyline
Pentamidine
Phenelzine
Pimozide
Pirmenol
Posaconazole
Prajmaline
Probucol
Procainamide
Procarbazine
Prochlorperazine
Propafenone
Quetiapine
Quinidine
Quinine
Rasagiline
Risperidone
Ritonavir
Saquinavir
Selegiline
Sematilide
Sertindole
Sotalol
Sparfloxacin
Spiramycin
Sulfamethoxazole
Sultopride
Tedisamil
Telithromycin
Terfenadine
Thioridazine
Tipranavir
Toloxatone
Tranylcypromine
Trifluoperazine
Trimethoprim
Trimipramine
Troleandomycin
Vasopressin
Voriconazole
Ziprasidone
Zolmitriptan
Zotepine
Using medicines in this class with any of the following medicines
is usually not recommended, but may be required in some cases.
If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may
change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.
Acecainide
Ajmaline
Amiodarone
Amisulpride
Amitriptyline
Amoxapine
Aprindine
Arsenic Trioxide
Azimilide
Bretylium
Chloral Hydrate
Chloroquine
Chlorpromazine
Dalfopristin
Desipramine
Dibenzepin
Disopyramide
Dofetilide
Dolasetron
Doxepin
Droperidol
Encainide
Enflurane
Fentanyl
Flecainide
Fluoxetine
Foscarnet
Gatifloxacin
Gemifloxacin
Halofantrine
Haloperidol
Halothane
Hydroquinidine
Ibutilide
Iloperidone
Imipramine
Isoflurane
Isradipine
Josamycin
Lanreotide
Lapatinib
Levorphanol
Lidoflazine
Linezolid
Lithium
Lorcainide
Lumefantrine
Mefloquine
Methadone
Metrizamide
Morphine
Morphine Sulfate Liposome
Moxifloxacin
Nelfinavir
Nortriptyline
Octreotide
Oxycodone
Pentamidine
Pirmenol
Prajmaline
Probucol
Procainamide
Procarbazine
Prochlorperazine
Propafenone
Protriptyline
Quetiapine
Quinidine
Quinupristin
Risperidone
Roxithromycin
Sematilide
Sertraline
Sotalol
Spiramycin
Sulfamethoxazole
Sultopride
Sunitinib
Tapentadol
Tedisamil
Telithromycin
Tramadol
Trifluoperazine
Trimethoprim
Trimipramine
Vasopressin
Zileuton
Zotepine
Interactions with Food/Tobacco/Alcohol
Certain medicines should not be used at or around the time
of eating food or eating certain types of food since interactions
may occur. Using alcohol or tobacco with certain medicines
may also cause interactions to occur. The following interactions
have been selected on the basis of their potential significance
and are not necessarily all-inclusive.
Using medicines in this class with any of the following is
usually not recommended, but may be unavoidable in some cases.
If used together, your doctor may change the dose or how often
you use your medicine, or give you special instructions about
the use of food, alcohol, or tobacco.
Grapefruit Juice
Other Medical Problems
The presence of other medical problems may affect the use
of medicines in this class. Make sure you tell your doctor
if you have any other medical problems, especially:
Enlarged prostate or
Urinary tract blockage or difficult urinationAntihistamines
may make urinary problems worse.
GlaucomaThese medicines may cause a slight increase
in inner eye pressure that may make the condition worse.
Intestinal obstruction or
Stomach ulcerUse of cyproheptadine may make these conditions
worse.
Liver disease or
Kidney diseaseEffects of desloratadine may be increased
because of slower removal from the body.
|
| |
| |
Proper Use of This Medicine
For patients taking this medicine by mouth:
Antihistamines can be taken with food or a glass of water
or milk to lessen stomach irritation if necessary.
If you are taking the extended-release tablet form of this
medicine, swallow the tablets whole. Do not break, crush,
or chew before swallowing.
For patients taking dimenhydrinate or diphenhydramine for
motion sickness:
Take this medicine at least 30 minutes or, even better, 1
to 2 hours before you begin to travel.
For patients using the suppository form of this medicine:
To insert suppository: First remove the foil wrapper and
moisten the suppository with cold water. Lie down on your
side and use your finger to push the suppository well up into
the rectum. If the suppository is too soft to insert, chill
the suppository in the refrigerator for 30 minutes or run
cold water over it before removing the foil wrapper.
For patients using the injection form of this medicine:
If you will be giving yourself the injections, make sure
you understand exactly how to give them. If you have any questions
about this, check with your health care professional.
Antihistamines are used to relieve or prevent the symptoms
of your medical problem. Take them only as directed. Do not
take more of them and do not take them more often than recommended
on the label, unless otherwise directed by your doctor. To
do so may increase the chance of side effects.
Dosing
The dose medicines in this class will be different for different
patients. Follow your doctor's orders or the directions on
the label. The following information includes only the average
doses of these medicines. If your dose is different, do not
change it unless your doctor tells you to do so.
The amount of medicine that you take depends on the strength
of the medicine. Also, the number of doses you take each day,
the time allowed between doses, and the length of time you
take the medicine depend on the medical problem for which
you are using the medicine.
For use as an antihistamine:
For azatadine
For oral dosage form (tablets):
Adults1 to 2 milligrams (mg) every eight to twelve hours
as needed.
Children 12 years of age and older0.5 mg to 1 mg two
times a day as needed.
Children 4 to 12 years of ageUse and dose must be determined
by your doctor.
Children and infants up to 4 years of ageUse is not
recommended .
For brompheniramine
For regular (short-acting) oral dosage forms (capsules, tablets,
or liquid):
Adults and teenagers4 milligrams (mg) every four to
six hours as needed.
Children 6 to 12 years of age2 mg every four to six
hours as needed.
Children 4 to 6 years of age1 mg every four to six hours
as needed.
Children and infants up to 4 years of ageUse is not
recommended .
For injection dosage form:
Adults and teenagers10 milligrams (mg) injected into
a muscle, under the skin, or into a vein every eight to twelve
hours.
Children 4 to 12 years of age0.125 mg per kilogram (0.06
mg per pound) of body weight injected into a muscle, under
the skin, or into a vein three or four times a day as needed.
Children and infants up to 4 years of ageUse is not
recommended .
For cetirizine
For oral dosage forms (syrup and tablets):
Adults5 to 10 milligrams (mg) once a day.
Children 6 years of age and older5 to 10 mg once a day.
Children 4 to 6 years of age2.5 mg once a day, up to
a maximum of 5 mg once a day or 2.5 mg twice a day.
Children and infants up to 4 years of ageUse is not
recommended .
For chlorpheniramine
For regular (short-acting) oral dosage forms (tablets or liquid):
Adults and teenagers4 milligrams (mg) every four to
six hours as needed.
Children 6 to 12 years of age2 mg three or four times
a day as needed.
Children 4 to 6 years of ageUse and dose must be determined
by your doctor.
Children and infants up to 4 years of ageUse is not
recommended .
For long-acting oral dosage forms (capsules or tablets):
Adults8 or 12 milligrams (mg) every eight to twelve
hours as needed.
Children 12 years of age and older8 mg every twelve
hours as needed.
Children 4 to 12 years of ageUse and dose must be determined
by your doctor.
Children and infants up to 4 years of ageUse is not
recommended .
For injection dosage form:
Adults5 to 40 milligrams (mg) injected into a muscle,
into a vein, or under the skin.
Children 4 years of age and older0.0875 mg per kilogram
(0.04 mg per pound) of body weight injected under the skin
every six hours as needed.
Children and infants up to 4 years of ageUse is not
recommended .
For clemastine
For oral dosage forms (tablets or liquid):
Adults and teenagers1.34 milligrams (mg) two times a
day or 2.68 mg one to three times a day as needed.
Children 6 to 12 years of age0.67 to 1.34 mg two times
a day.
Children 4 to 6 years of ageUse and dose must be determined
by your doctor.
Children and infants up to 4 years of ageUse is not
recommended .
For cyproheptadine
For oral dosage forms (tablets or liquid):
Adults and children 14 years of age and older4 milligrams
(mg) every eight hours. The doctor may increase the dose if
needed.
Children 6 to 14 years of age4 mg every eight to twelve
hours as needed
Children 4 to 6 years of age2 mg every eight to twelve
hours as needed
Children and infants up to 4 years of ageUse is not
recommended .
For desloratadine
For oral dosage form (tablets):
Adults and children 12 years of age and older5 milligrams
(mg) once a day.
Children 4 to 12 years of ageUse and dose must be determined
by your doctor.
Children and infants up to 4 years of ageUse is not
recommended .
For dexchlorpheniramine
For regular (short-acting) oral dosage form (tablets or liquid):
Adults and teenagers2 milligrams (mg) every four to
six hours as needed.
Children 5 to 12 years of age1 mg every four to six
hours as needed.
Children 4 to 5 years of age0.5 mg every four to six
hours as needed.
Children and infants up to 4 years of ageUse is not
recommended .
For long-acting oral dosage form (tablets):
Adults4 or 6 milligrams (mg) every eight to twelve hours
as needed.
Children 4 years of age and olderUse and dose must be
determined by your doctor.
Children and infants up to 4 years of ageUse is not
recommended .
For diphenhydramine
For oral dosage forms (capsules, tablets, or liquid):
Adults and teenagers25 to 50 milligrams (mg) every four
to six hours as needed.
Children 6 to 12 years of age12.5 to 25 mg every four
to six hours.
Children 4 to 6 years of age6.25 to 12.5 mg every four
to six hours.
Children and infants up to 4 years of ageUse is not
recommended .
For injection dosage form:
Adults10 to 50 milligrams (mg) injected into a muscle
or into a vein.
Children 4 years of age and older1.25 mg per kg (0.6
mg per pound) of body weight injected into a muscle four times
a day.
Children and infants up to 4 years of ageUse is not
recommended .
For doxylamine
For oral dosage form (tablets):
Adults and teenagers12.5 to 25 milligrams (mg) every
four to six hours as needed.
Children 6 to 12 years of age6.25 to 12.5 mg every four
to six hours as needed.
Children 4 to 6 years of ageUse and dose must be determined
by your doctor.
Children and infants up to 4 years of ageUse is not
recommended .
For fexofenadine
For oral dosage form (capsules):
Adults and teenagers60 milligrams (mg) two times a day
as needed or 180 mg once a day.
Children 6 to 11 years of age30 mg twice a day as needed.
Children 4 to 6 years of ageUse and dose must be determined
by your doctor.
Children and infants up to 4 years of ageUse is not
recommended .
For loratadine
For oral dosage forms (tablets or liquid):
Adults and children 6 years of age and older10 milligrams
(mg) once a day.
Children 4 to 5 years of age5 mg once a day.
Children and infants up to 4 years of ageUse is not
recommended .
For phenindamine
For oral dosage form (tablets):
Adults and teenagers25 milligrams (mg) every four to
six hours as needed.
Children 6 to 12 years of age12.5 mg every four to six
hours as needed.
Children 4 to 6 years of ageUse and dose must be determined
by your doctor.
Children and infants up to 4 years of ageUse is not
recommended .
For nausea, vomiting, and vertigo (only dimenhydrinate and
diphenhydramine are used for vertigo):
For dimenhydrinate
For regular (short-acting) oral dosage forms (tablets or liquid):
Adults and teenagers50 to 100 milligrams (mg) every
four to six hours as needed.
Children 6 to 12 years of age25 to 50 mg every six to
eight hours as needed.
Children 4 to 6 years of age12.5 to 25 mg every six
to eight hours as needed.
Children and infants up to 4 years of ageUse is not
recommended .
For long-acting oral dosage forms (capsules):
Adults1 capsule (contains 25 milligrams [mg] for immediate
action and 50 mg for long action) every twelve hours.
Children 4 years of age and olderUse and dose must be
determined by your doctor.
Children and infants up to 4 years of ageUse is not
recommended .
For injection dosage form:
Adults50 milligrams (mg) injected into a muscle or into
a vein every four hours as needed.
Children 2 years of age and older1.25 mg per kg (0.6
mg per pound) of body weight injected into a muscle or into
a vein every six hours as needed.
Children and infants up to 4 years of ageUse is not
recommended .
For suppository dosage form:
Adults50 to 100 milligrams (mg) inserted into the rectum
every six to eight hours as needed.
Children 12 years of age and older50 mg inserted into
the rectum every eight to twelve hours as needed.
Children 8 to 12 years of age25 to 50 mg inserted into
the rectum every eight to twelve hours as needed.
Children 6 to 8 years of age12.5 to 25 mg inserted into
the rectum every eight to twelve hours as needed.
Children 4 to 6 years of ageUse and dose must be determined
by your doctor.
Children and infants up to 4 years of ageUse is not
recommended .
For diphenhydramine
For oral dosage forms (capsules, tablets, or liquid):
Adults25 to 50 milligrams (mg) every four to six hours
as needed.
Children 4 years of age and older1 to 1.5 mg per kg
(0.45 to 0.7 mg per pound) of body weight every four to six
hours as needed.
Children and infants up to 4 years of ageUse is not
recommended .
For injection dosage form:
Adults10 milligrams (mg) injected into a muscle or into
a vein. Dose may be increased to 25 to 50 mg every two to
three hours.
Children 4 years of age and older1 to 1.5 mg per kg
(0.45 to 0.68 mg per pound) of body weight injected into a
muscle every six hours.
Children and infants up to 4 years of ageUse is not
recommended .
For hydroxyzine
For oral dosage forms (capsules, tablets, or liquid):
Adults25 to 100 milligrams (mg) three or four times
a day as needed.
Children 6 years of age and older12.5 to 25 mg every
six hours as needed.
Children 4 to 6 years of age12.5 mg every six hours
as needed.
Children and infants up to 4 years of ageUse is not
recommended .
For injection dosage form:
Adults25 to 100 milligrams (mg) injected into a muscle.
Children 4 years of age and older1 mg per kg (0.45 mg
per pound) of body weight injected into a muscle.
Children and infants up to 4 years of ageUse is not
recommended .
For Parkinson's disease:
For diphenhydramine
For oral dosage forms (capsules, tablets, or liquid):
Adults25 milligrams (mg) three times a day when starting
treatment. Your doctor may increase the dose gradually later
if needed.
For injection dosage form:
Adults10 to 50 milligrams (mg) injected into a muscle
or into a vein.
Children1.25 mg per kg (0.6 mg per pound) of body weight
four times a day injected into a muscle.
For use as a sedative (to help sleep):
For diphenhydramine
For oral dosage forms (capsules, tablets, or liquid):
Adults50 milligrams (mg) twenty to thirty minutes before
bedtime if needed.
For doxylamine
For oral dosage form (tablets):
Adults25 milligrams (mg) thirty minutes before bedtime
if needed.
Children 4 years of age and olderUse and dose must be
determined by your doctor.
Children and infants up to 4 years of ageUse is not
recommended .
For hydroxyzine
For oral dosage forms (capsules, tablets, or liquid):
Adults50 to 100 milligrams (mg).
Children 4 years of age and older0.6 mg per kg (0.3
mg per pound) of body weight.
Children and infants up to 4 years of ageUse is not
recommended .
For injection dosage form:
Adults50 milligrams (mg) injected into a muscle.
For anxiety:
For hydroxyzine
For oral dosage forms (capsules, tablets, or liquid):
Adults50 to 100 milligrams (mg).
Children 4 years of age and older0.6 mg per kg (0.3
mg per pound) of body weight.
Children and infants up to 4 years of ageUse is not
recommended .
For injection dosage form:
Adults50 to 100 milligrams (mg) injected into a muscle
every four to six hours as needed.
Children 4 years of age and older1 mg per kilogram (0.45
mg per pound) of body weight injected into a muscle.
Children and infants up to 4 years of ageUse is not
recommended .
Missed Dose
If you miss a dose of this medicine, take it as soon as possible.
However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the
missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do
not double doses.
Storage
Keep out of the reach of children.
Store the medicine in a closed container at room temperature,
away from heat, moisture, and direct light. Keep from freezing.
Do not keep outdated medicine or medicine no longer needed.
Precautions While Using This Medicine
Before you have any skin tests for allergies, tell the doctor
in charge that you are taking this medicine. The results of
the test may be affected by this medicine.
When taking antihistamines on a regular basis, make sure
your doctor knows if you are taking large amounts of aspirin
at the same time (as for arthritis or rheumatism). Effects
of too much aspirin, such as ringing in the ears, may be covered
up by the antihistamine.
Antihistamines will add to the effects of alcohol and other
CNS depressants (medicines that slow down the nervous system,
possibly causing drowsiness). Some examples of CNS depressants
are sedatives, tranquilizers, or sleeping medicine; prescription
pain medicine or narcotics; barbiturates; medicine for seizures;
muscle relaxants; or anesthetics, including some dental anesthetics.
Check with your doctor before taking any of the above while
you are using this medicine.
This medicine may cause some people to become drowsy or less
alert than they are normally. Even if taken at bedtime, it
may cause some people to feel drowsy or less alert on arising.
Some antihistamines are more likely to cause drowsiness than
others. Drowsiness is less likely with cetirizine, and rare
with desloratadine and loratadine. Make sure you know how
you react to the antihistamine you are taking before you drive,
use machines, or do anything else that could be dangerous
if you are not alert.
Antihistamines may cause dryness of the mouth, nose, and
throat. Some antihistamines are more likely to cause dryness
of the mouth than others . For temporary relief of mouth dryness,
use sugarless candy or gum, melt bits of ice in your mouth,
or use a saliva substitute. However, if your mouth continues
to feel dry for more than 2 weeks, check with your medical
doctor or dentist. Continuing dryness of the mouth may increase
the chance of dental disease, including tooth decay, gum disease,
and fungus infections.
For patients using dimenhydrinate, diphenhydramine, or hydroxyzine:
This medicine controls nausea and vomiting. For this reason,
it may cover up the signs of overdose caused by other medicines
or the symptoms of appendicitis. This will make it difficult
for your doctor to diagnose these conditions. Make sure your
doctor knows that you are taking this medicine if you have
other symptoms of appendicitis such as stomach or lower abdominal
pain, cramping, or soreness. Also, if you think you may have
taken an overdose of any medicine, tell your doctor that you
are taking this medicine.
For patients using diphenhydramine or doxylamine as a sleeping
aid:
If you are already taking a sedative or tranquilizer, do
not take this medicine without consulting your doctor first.
Side Effects of This Medicine
Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted
effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur,
if they do occur they may need medical attention.
Check with your doctor immediately if any of the following
side effects occur:
Less common or rare
Less common or rare with azatadine, cetirizine, clemastine,
cyproheptadine, desloratadine, dexchlorpheniramine, diphenhydramine,
or loratadine
Abdominal or stomach pain
burning
chills
clay-colored stools or dark urine
cough
diarrhea
difficulty swallowing
dizziness
fast or irregular heartbeat
fever
headache
hives
itching
prickly sensations
puffiness or swelling of the eyelids or around the eyes, face,
lips or tongue
redness of skin
seizures
shortness of breath
skin rash
swelling
tightness in chest
tingling
unusual tiredness or weakness
wheezing
Check with your doctor as soon as possible if any of the following
side effects occur:
Less common or rare
Sore throat
unusual bleeding or bruising
unusual tiredness or weakness
Symptoms of overdose
Clumsiness or unsteadiness
convulsions (seizures)
drowsiness (severe)
dryness of mouth, nose, or throat (severe)
feeling faint
flushing or redness of face
hallucinations (seeing, hearing, or feeling things that are
not there)
shortness of breath or troubled breathing
trouble in sleeping
Some side effects may occur that usually do not need medical
attention. These side effects may go away during treatment
as your body adjusts to the medicine. Also, your health care
professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent
or reduce some of these side effects. Check with your health
care professional if any of the following side effects continue
or are bothersome or if you have any questions about them:
More common
Drowsiness
dry mouth, nose, or throat
gastrointestinal upset, stomach pain, or nausea
headache
increased appetite and weight gain
thickening of mucus
Less common or rare
Acid or sour stomach
belching
blurred vision or any change in vision
body aches or pain
clumsiness or unsteadiness
confusion (not with diphenhydramine)
congestion
constipation
cough
diarrhea
difficult or painful urination
difficulty in moving
difficult or painful menstruation
dizziness (not with brompheniramine or hydroxyzine)
drowsiness (with high doses of desloratadine and loratadine)
dryness of mouth, nose, or throat
early menstruation
fast heartbeat
fever
heartburn
hoarseness
increased sensitivity of skin to sun
increased sweating
indigestion
loss of appetite
joint pain
muscle aching or cramping
muscle pains or stiffness
nausea
nightmares (not with azatadine, chlorpheniramine, cyproheptadine,
desloratadine, hydroxyzine, or loratadine)
ringing or buzzing in ears
runny nose
skin rash
swollen joints
stomach discomfort, upset or pain
tender swollen glands in neck
tremor
unusual excitement, nervousness, restlessness, or irritability
vomiting
Other side effects not listed may also occur in some patients.
If you notice any other effects, check with your healthcare
professional.
The information contained in the Thomson Healthcare (Micromedex)
products as delivered by Drugs.com is intended as an educational
aid only. It is not intended as medical advice for individual
conditions or treatment. It is not a substitute for a medical
exam, nor does it replace the need for services provided by
medical professionals. Talk to your doctor, nurse or pharmacist
before taking any prescription or over the counter drugs (including
any herbal medicines or supplements) or following any treatment
or regimen. Only your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist can provide
you with advice on what is safe and effective for you.
The use of the Thomson Healthcare products is at your sole
risk. These products are provided "AS IS" and "as
available" for use, without warranties of any kind, either
express or implied. Thomson Healthcare and Drugs.com make
no representation or warranty as to the accuracy, reliability,
timeliness, usefulness or completeness of any of the information
contained in the products. Additionally, THOMSON HEALTHCARE
MAKES NO REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTIES AS TO THE OPINIONS OR
OTHER SERVICE OR DATA YOU MAY ACCESS, DOWNLOAD OR USE AS A
RESULT OF USE OF THE THOMSON HEALTHCARE PRODUCTS. ALL IMPLIED
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
PURPOSE OR USE ARE HEREBY EXCLUDED. Thomson Healthcare does
not assume any responsibility or risk for your use of the
Thomson Healthcare products.
|
|


|
 |